![]() Harps are instruments that contain the strings within a frame. Examples of this type of string instrument include: The number of strings on a lute varies greatly, from just one to several dozens. Lutes come with or without frets - small bars or ridges along the neck of the instrument - that divide the neck into segments. Soundboards can be simple or very intricate, depending on the instrument and the desired quality of sound. Most lutes have soundboards, which is a surface for the strings to vibrate against, typically in the form of a bridge. Lutes refer to any instrument with strings running the length of a neck, which is connected to a body. While there are many ways to classify different stringed instruments, they can generally be divided into three main groups: lutes, harps, and zithers. Soon, power amplifiers and external speakers were developed, making way for the modern electric guitar and electronic tanpura. By the 1920s, electronic instrument amplification had been developed and the violin became one of the first electric instruments. The next major change to stringed instruments came with the 20th century and the advent of electricity. While high-quality instruments have always been hand-crafted individually, the 19th century introduced mass production, leading to standardization and widespread use of popular instruments. Throughout this era, string instruments became more intricate and consistent in design, woodwork and stringing. It was during this era that instruments more closely resembling modern versions emerged, such as the guitar and sitar. Design and construction were refined during the 12th century onward, especially during the Medieval period and the European Renaissance. The first breakthrough in design came from the Middle Eastern rebec, the first instrument to have a half pear shaped body. Many of the early instruments were rudimentary in shape and strings. For example, Indian literature from the 2nd century referenced a string instrument that resembles the modern veena and an early version of the violin emerged in 5th century Europe. While development of stringed instruments varied from civilization to civilization, many historical examples are clear precursors to the instruments that are popular today. String instruments have been around for thousands of years, with some of the earliest artifacts found in India and Iraq dating back to 2000-500 BCE. All of these different elements come together in unique combinations to produce the desired sound. Some strings are made from two materials, having a core of one material wrapped in others, called wound strings. Strings can be made of steel, brass, nylon, or gut. The same is true of the strings themselves. ![]() The material the instrument is made of determines the timbre, or character and quality, of the sound it produces. ![]() ![]() The body of a string instrument is typically made from wood but can also be made from vegetable fiber, metal, silk, or artificial materials like plastic or nylon. These are called sympathetic or resonance strings, and they produce a slight echo of the main strings. Some string instruments, like the sarod, have a number of thin extra strings that are not touched but still vibrate when the main strings are struck. The strings may be plucked, struck or bowed (rubbed) to produce sound, each causing the strings to vibrate in a specific pattern. This doesn’t apply to instruments that rely on electric amplification, like an electric guitar, which have a solid body, or framed string instruments, such as the harp.Įach string on a chordophone has a different frequency depending on the size, material, and tension, resulting in different sounds. When the strings vibrate, the vibrations transfer to the body of the instrument and the air inside of it, making it audible. Also called chordophones or stretched instruments, most have strings supported by a neck that is attached to a hollow body. Larger instruments like the modern concert harp mix string materials to attain their extended ranges.String instruments are those that produce sound by creating a vibration of the strings. Some, known as frame harps, also have a pillar those without the pillar are referred to as open harps.On smaller harps, like the folk harp, the core string material will typically be the same for all strings on a given harp. All harps have a neck, resonator and strings. Organologically, it is in the general category of chordophones (stringed instruments) and has its own sub category (the harps). The harp is a multi-stringed instrument which has the plane of its strings positioned perpendicularly to the soundboard. ![]()
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